He gave a direction to the movement which resulted in unity and mutual nonviolent noncooperation movement. During the period of 1919 to 1922 congress and the khilafat movement was in the light. As we noted earlier, in one sense the noncooperation movement was the climax ot earlier movements. Background the khilafat movement19191924 was a major panislamic movement started to save the ottoman empire and it extended to india against the british power. The khilafat movement lost its momentum in the wake of the victory of. An attempt was made towards inaugurating a panislamic movement i. However, compare that to the non cooperation movement for swarajkhilafat and you will see how much mass participation was involved in that. The colonial rule resulted in the unity of the hindus and the muslims. Gandhian philosophy emphasized the strategy of satyagraha and ahimsa in fighting against the british. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but. The combined khilafat noncooperation movement was the first allindia agitation against british rule. The movement was initially bolstered by gandhis noncooperation movement but fell apart after the abolition of the caliphate in 1924. The caliph of turkey was the temporal and spiritual leader of the muslims all over the world.
Khilafat movement 19191924 the lucknow pact showed that it was possible for middleclass, englisheducated muslims and hindus to arrive at an amicable settlement on hindumuslim constitutional and political problems. The khilafat movement in india, 19191924 soas research. Emergence of gandhi in india champaran, kheda, non cooperation movement champaran satyagraha 1917first civil disobedience movement gandhi was requested by rajkumar shukla to look into the problems of the indigo planters, of champaran in bihar. Khilafat movement went critical over gandhis decision of withdrawing the movement with abandonment of the noncooperation movement. Rowlatt act, 1919 jallianwala bagh massacre khilafat. The noncooperation movement launched on 1st august 1920 by mahatma gandhi was the first mass movement organised on a nationwide scale during the course of ind. During 191922, the british were opposed through two mass movementsthe khilafat and noncooperation. The decision to launch the movement as a vigorous mass movement was approved in the special session of the national congress held at calcutta in september 1920 and again was endorsed in its nagpur session of december 1920. The khilafat movement developed a sense of concern amongst the muslims about their national matters and inculcated among them the awareness about their future. We should bear in mind, however, that the khilafat and noncooperation. The position of caliph after the armistice of mudros of october 1918 with the military occupation of istanbul and treaty of versailles 1919 fell into a. The khilafat movement was also, more fundamentally, a. The gandhian era of the liberation movement was started with the noncooperation movement. During 191922, the british were opposed through two mass movements the khilafat and noncooperation.
In terms of its impact, the movement boosted the turkish nationalist struggle and might have influenced the british diplomacy at the lausanne conference. Indian national movement khilafat and non cooperation. In 1919, a new act was passed by the british government to give themselves greater power over the people. With this, the third and significant phase of indian nationalism began and which continued till independence. Circumstances leading to khilafat and non cooperation movement. During the world wari, turkey helped germany to war against british. The khilafat movement was an agitation by indian muslims, allied with indian nationalists, to pressure the. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent. The chief cause of the khilafat movement was the defeat of germany and turkey in the first world war. The movement received its final blow in march 1924, when the original.
The ali brothers and their allies, in turn, provided the noncooperation movement with some of its most enthusiastic followers. The khilafat movement was led primarily by the muslim leaders, but later accelerated by mahatma gandhis noncooperation movement. Khilafat movement summary importance of khilafat movement importance of khilafat movement in hindi non cooperation movement chauri chaura incident non cooperation movement chauri chaura incident. It is proved beyond doubt that the reason for the 1920 non cooperation movement were incidents in. Khilafat movement and noncooperation movement mohandas karamchand gandhi took control of the national movement in 1919. Gandhi espoused the khilafat cause, as he saw in it the opportunity to rally muslim support for nationalism. The khilafat movement 19191924 was a panislamic, political protest campaign launched by muslims in british india to influence the british government and to protect the ottoman empire during the aftermath of world war i.
The arrival of mohandas karamchand gandhi on the political scene of india in 1915 begins a new era of indian history and politics. The khilafat committee launched a noncooperation movement on 31 august 1920. Noncooperation movement and khilafat movement in india. Rowlatt act, 1919 jallianwala bagh massacre khilafat movement non cooperation movement. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a panislamist political protest campaign launched by muslims of british india led by shaukat ali, mohammad ali jauhar, hakim ajmal khan, and abul kalam azad to restore the caliph of the ottoman caliphate, who was considered the leader of sunni muslims, as an effective political. Emergence of gandhi in india champaran, kheda, non. The european planters had been forcing peasants to grow indigo on 320 of the total land called tinkathia. In the allahabad conference of the central khilafat committee june 12, 1920, a decision was reached to launch a four staged noncooperation movement. Gandhi was now under increasing pressure from the congress rank and file to start the civil disobedience. Noncooperation was advocated by gandhi as the technique for the khilafat movement. Evaluation of khilafat noncooperation movement movement brought the urban muslims into the national movement, but at the same time it communalised the national politics, to an extent.
Due to chaura chauri incident the ali brother and other muslim leader were arrested and mr. During the i world war the british had promised the the caliph would not be deprived of his powers and that the turkey would not be partitioned. Spectrum for modern indian history chapter 5 part 4. Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the.
Khilafat movement, khijrat call to afghanistan, maulana azad. Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to. The tilak swarajya fund was started to finance the noncooperation movement and within six months, over a crore of. Khilafat movement 19191924 importance pdf download. Why gandhi supported kalifah movement and jinnah didnt. This act was called the rowlatt act and was named after the rowlatt. Critical assessment of the noncooperation movement ias.
Maulana azad did write about it being mandatory to participate in the noncooperation movement and publicly gave speeches on this. The noncooperation movement is referred to briefly since it has its origin in the khilafat movement. Conclusion the khilafat movement however did not last long. Khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. The allahabad conference of the central khilafat comitte held on 12 june, 1920, decided to launch a four stage noncooperation movement. The khilafat, hijrat and gandhis noncooperationmovement. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam following the breakup of the ottoman empire at the end of the war. On th april, 1919, a huge crowd had assembled in jalianwala bagh, in amritsar to protest peacefully against the arrest of 2 prominent leaders. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to study the lesser active phase.
Most prominent among them were the rowlatt act, the j a11anwala bagh trag ad. It can be concluded that it could not realize its goal of swaraj and infect swaraj became more far reached goal now, when we evaluate the movement. With the noncooperation movement, nationalist sentiments reached every nook and corner of the country and politicised every strata of population. The aftermath works on the national movement have generally concentrated on the agitational phase of the movement. The khilafat issue was not directly linked to indian politics but it provided the.
Turkey was an ally of germany in the first world war. Get an answer for what are the reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation on the part of some indian muslims, allied with the indian nationalist movement, during the years following world war i. The whole movement was to begin with a hartal on 1 st august.
This unity reached its climax during the khilafat and the noncooperation movements. Khilafat and noncooperation movement in india part2 ii. Launching of the noncooperation movement with the congress support to the khilafat movement, hindumuslim unity was achieved which encouraged gandhi to launch his nonviolent, noncooperation movement. Khilafat movement and the province of sindh 53 of islamic independence was steadily narrowing. The khilafat issue was not directly linked to indian politics but it provided the immediate declaration to the movement and gone and added advantage of cementing hindumuslim unity against the british. Mitras ias november 3, 2018 mitras ias add a comment. The khilafat movement 19191924 was an agitation by indian muslims allied with indian nationalism in the years following world war i. In his struggle against the racist authorities of south. Owing to some violent incidents in the country which resulted in the deaths of many indian and british people, mahatma gandhi called off his non cooperation movement. The khilafat movement enabled gandhi to spread his noncooperation movement in the whole country.
Pdf noncooperation movement, launched under the leadership of gandhi and. The hijrat movement failed, affecting the financial condition of muslims badly but. Its purpose was to pressure the british government to preserve the authority of the ottoman sultan as caliph of islam. The british after the first world war imposed humiliating terms on the ruler of turkey who was also the caliph of islam. Department files of 1921 in which it is argued that the colonial police only. I venture to return these medals, in pursuance of the scheme of noncooperation inaugurated today in connection with the khilafat movement. The leaders in spite of their best efforts could not maintain the hindumuslim unity. Critical assessment of the noncooperation movement. From 19191922 two important movements that happened were the khilafat movement and the. The histories of tho noncooperation and khilafat movements. What are the reasons for the failure of the khilafat movement. Read this article to learn about the khilafat and noncooperation movement in.
To its founders and followers, the khilafat was not a religious movement but. The khilafat movement, which took place among indian muslims immediately following the first world war, was so called because it was a political agitation designed to pressure the british government to preserve the defeated ottoman empire and its ruler, the caliph of islam. Though the two movements emerged from separate issues, they adopted a common programme of actionthat of nonviolent non cooperation. Khilafat movement, panislamic force in india that arose in 1919 in an effort to salvage the ottoman caliph as a symbol of unity among muslims in india during the period of british rule. This is why their leadership and their actions overlapped. After the defeat of germany in the war, the turkish empire was broken up treaty of sevres the territories were shared by britain and france. The khilafat movement, also known as the indian muslim movement 191924, was a. Muslim opinion on noncooperation was still divided and. Chapter five gandhism and the noncooperation movement. The movement was an expression of indian muslims sentimental attachment to ottoman caliphate, which they viewed as the last vestige of islamic unity and power. Outcomes of non cooperation movement the khilafat movement came to an end when thousands of indians were put behind the bar. First of all, the war created a new economic and political situation.
Khilafat movement international encyclopedia of the first world war. Read this article to learn about the khilafat and noncooperation movement in india against british. The khilafat movement also cultivated a new outlook amongst the muslims not to rely on others support and to wholly depend on selfdetermination for the achievement of national cause. Jallianwalabagh khilafat movement amritsar session 1919. Documents on the khilafat movement, new delhi 2005.
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